Home > 航貿專論 > 裝卸準備完成之通知與裝卸期間

裝卸準備完成之通知與裝卸期間

楊仁壽

 

裝卸準備完成通知書(Notice of readiness),在航次傭船契約是不可或缺的重要程序,諸如代碼「Shellvoy」第13條(1)(a)、「Norgrain」第18條、「Amwelsh」第6條等規定,都作有明確的規定,這與裝卸期間開始(commencement of laytime)的計算,至有開聯,更與延滯費有關(註1)。

Donald Davies大著《裝卸期間的開始》(Commencement of Laytime)一書(註2),即專對此作一詳解。亦即當船舶符合下列規定時,才算裝卸準備業已完成:

一、船舶必須以抵達傭船契約所訂之裝載或卸載地點,或就近船舶已安全抵達的地方(The ship must have arrived at the place of load or discharge as laid down in the charter-party or as near thereto as she can safely get)。

二、船舶必須在各方面已實際完成裝貨準備,因此必要的貨物裝卸裝置,均應已豎起,以便裝貨或卸貨工作能立即開始(The ship must be actually ready to load or to discharge in every respect. Consequently the necessary gear for handling cargo must have been erected, so that loading or discharging operations can start right away)。

三、除非在傭船契約另有約定,否則許可裝卸日數應自準備完成通知書送達交傭船人之時起算(Laydays commence to count from the moment when the notice of readiness has been accepted by charterers, unless stipulations to the contrary have been included in the charter-party)。

四、假如船舶係裝載散裝穀物,則船舶準備完成通知書應連同合格驗船書證明船舶各艙可予裝貨之證書一併送交。又為了避免發生任何誤會,準備完成通知書副本應要求簽收,並註明接收日期及時間,此點極其重要(When vessels load grain in bulk, notification of the vessel’s readiness must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a competent surveyor to the effect that the vessel is ready to load in all holds. It is important that a copy of the notice of readiness is signed for receipt, stating date and hour of acceptance, in order to eliminate any misunderstanding)。

以「Shellvoy 6」第13條(1)(a)為例,就規定得相當詳細。即:

(a) 各裝載港或卸載港的時間,該輪所有各點,於裝載或卸載的準備完成時,船長或船舶所有人的代理人,應將其旨以書面通知傭船人或其代理人,並自該輪安全地繫泊於所指定之裝載船席或卸載船席6小時候開始進行裝卸。但該輪如立即駛向上述船席時,其時間之開始或不開始,依下列之規定(Time at each loading or discharging port shall commence to run 6 hours after the vessel is in all respects ready to load or discharge and written notice thereof has been tendered by the master or Owner’s agents to Charterers or their agents and the vessel is securely moored at the specified loading or discharging berth. However, if the vessel does not proceed immediately to such berth time shall commence to run 6 hours after):

(i)該輪未指示等待停泊地方,或未指示類此之地點時,應停泊於通常等待停泊的地方(the vessel is lying in the area where she was order to wait or, in the absence of any such specific order, in a usual waiting area)及(and)

(ii)以書面通知裝卸準備完成(written notice of readiness has been tendered)及(and)

(iii)自可能接近所指定船席6小時候開始進行(裝卸)(the specified berth is accessible),裝載船席或卸載船席,因惡天候、潮流狀態、結冰、等待黎明、引水人或拖船、或港內規則的要求(除為上述船席或貨物未備的要求除外),妨礙該輪的接近,或有妨礙之虞的情形,不可能接近時,不予計入(A loading or discharging berth shall be deemed inaccessible on for so long as the vessel is or would be prevented from proceeding to it by bad weather, tidal conditions, ice, awaiting daylight, pilot or tugs, or port traffic control requirements (except those requirements resulting from the unavailability of such berth or of the cargo))。傭船人如怠於港內指定船席時,則在適用本約款上,該輪將最初裝載或卸載之貨物,或其中之一部份,視為該港所指定的船席(If Charterers fail to specify a berth at any port, the first berth at which the vessel load or discharge the cargo or any part thereof shall be deemed to be the specified berth at such port for the purposes of this clause)。在裝卸期間期日開始之前,不會通知(Notice shall not be tendered before commencement of laydays)。該通知應以無線電儘可能快速於相當的時間內,以書面予以確認,視為已以書面通知(and notice tendered by radio shall qualify as written notice provided it is confirmed in writing as soon as reasonably possible)。裝卸期間期日開始後,在6小時前之時間,不開始進行(裝卸)。但如依第13條(3)項之規定,在該時間前已開始裝載時,不在此限(Time shall never commence before six hours after commencement of laydays unless loading commences prior to this time as provided in clause 13 (3))。

假如船東未具備(If Owners fail):

(1)取得關稅許可書(to obtain Customs clearance);及/或(and/or)

(2)取得檢疫完成證明(to obtain free pratique)。但於到達船席前,依慣例無須取得是項證明者除外(unless this not customary prior to berthing);及、或(and/or)

(3)為了本傭船契約,在船內被要求應備置之一切書類/證書(to have on board all papers/certification required to perform this Charter)。

以上任何之一,如在本傭船契約下,在最初準備完成通知書後6小時以內未提出,或其他通常開始之任何時間內,怠於提出時,最初之準備完成通知書將不生效力(either within the 6 hours after notice of readiness originally tendered or when time would otherwise normally commence under this Charter, then the original notice of readiness shall not be vaid)。僅於關稅許可書,及/或檢疫完畢證明於被承認之時,及/或被要求之一切書類/證書,依照有關當局之要求,屬於正常之時,應重新為裝卸準備完成之通知(A new notice of readiness may only be tendered when Customs clearance and/or free pratique has been granted and/or all papers/certificates required are in order in accordance with relevant authorities’ requirements)。裝卸期間或已超過該期間時之延滯期間,開始依本傭船契約之約款開始進行(裝卸)(Laytime or demurrage, if on demurrage, would then commence in accordance with the terms of this Charter)。因上述事由遲延所發生結果之一切時間、費用,均由船舶所有人計付(All time, costs and expenses as a result of delays due to any of the forgoing shall be for Owners’ account)。

事實上,裝卸期間,並非法定期間,而是裝卸約定期間(laytime allowed),為船東容許傭船人對船舶裝卸貨物之期間,如船舶所有人因自己之原因,諸如船舶之設備或破損,以致極需補充修理,恢復正常所需時,則該項補充修理期間,自不能算入裝卸期間之內,應予扣除。不僅如此,如船舶所有人規定只准白天裝卸貨物,夜間禁止裝卸貨物時,亦復如此。反之,如傭船人、受貨人或港口當局禁止夜間裝卸貨物時,因此所損失之時間,則應予算入。以此之故,各種航次傭船契約格式就此所訂裝卸期間,當事人於訂約時必須訂明,如無約定時,則依裝卸港之習慣,如無習慣時,則應以合理之期間為其為其期間(註3)。不過到現在幾乎已制式化,較不會有不公情事。

 

 

【註】

 

  1. 參見楊仁壽,最新海商法論,第4版,第174~278頁。
  2. (1998) 3rd LLP limited發行。
  3. 同註1,第276頁。

 

 

You may also like
裝卸期間之終了
半額之延滯費
延滯費之請求
laytime與layday的差異